What is the effect of excessive sun exposure on the skin?

Excessive sun exposure has a detrimental impact on the skin, primarily leading to a heightened risk of skin cancer and accelerated aging. Ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun causes damage to the DNA in skin cells, which can lead to mutations and ultimately result in skin cancers such as melanoma, basal cell carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma. Additionally, prolonged exposure to UV rays contributes to photoaging, which includes wrinkles, loss of elasticity, and pigmentation changes such as sunspots. Therefore, understanding the significant risks associated with excessive sun exposure underscores the importance of sun protection measures, such as using sunscreen, seeking shade, and wearing protective clothing.